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Glossary

R-controlled vowel

An r-controlled vowel is a vowel followed by r, where the r changes the vowel sound, as in car, bird, corn, fern and hurt.

Sometimes called bossy r. The pairs er, ir and ur sound the same, which makes spelling them a matter of pattern knowledge and practice.

Why it matters for the record

Reading usually comes quickly; spelling er, ir and ur is where review is needed.