Glossary · Comprehension and language
What is an inference?
Definition
An inference is a conclusion a reader draws by combining clues in the text with what they already know, for something the text doesn't say directly.
“Maya grabbed her umbrella before heading out.” The text never says it's raining, but most readers infer it. That small leap is what inference means, and readers make dozens of them on every page.
Inference depends on knowledge. A reader can only fill the gap if they know what fills it. That's why inference questions often trip up students with less background knowledge, even when their decoding is strong.
You can make inference visible by asking “How do you know?” after a question. The student has to point to the clue in the text and name what they already knew. Over time students learn to look for clues on their own, which is the habit you want.
In a lesson
Read: “Leo's stomach growled as he stared at the clock. Only ten more minutes until lunch.” Ask how Leo feels and how the student knows. They point to the growl and the clock.
Why does this matter for the record?
Note whether a student can name the clue behind an inference. Correct answers without reasons can be lucky guesses.
Rate each skill as you teach it
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